CaptiveCrunch · Midnight Blizzard (Storm-2945 / APT29)

Anatomy of the Hotel Wi‑Fi Attack

How a single compromised point on a hospitality network turns "sign in to Wi‑Fi" into stolen Microsoft 365 sessions and espionage malware — step by step.

1
The Foothold ⚠ Unconfirmed — this is the open question

Attackers gain control of one point in the guest network

Microsoft has not named the vendor or the entry vector. The compromise sits at one of two places — and which one decides whether this hits independents or scales to big brands:

Option A
The MSP / management platform
A shared service that pushes config to many properties at once. Microsoft's "shared services within the captive portal ecosystem" hint — the scenario that could reach standardized big-brand estates.
OR
Option B
The on-prem gateway
An all-in-one appliance (MikroTik / Ubiquiti-class or a hospitality gateway) that is DHCP + DNS + gateway in one box. Likely reached via exposed SSH / SNMP / web-admin with weak credentials.
2
Forge the DNS answer

The compromised box lies about where Microsoft lives

Because that device is the DHCP-assigned DNS resolver for every guest, a lookup for the real login.microsoftonline.com gets a forged reply pointing at attacker infrastructure. The domain looks legitimate; the IP behind it is swapped. To dodge a TLS certificate warning, victims land on look-alike domains the attacker holds valid certs for — ms365-live[.]com, owa-ms365[.]com.

3
Catch the guest at the captive-portal moment

The Wi‑Fi "sign-in" pop-up is the injection seam

On join, every OS fires an unauthenticated, plaintext connectivity probe (msftconnecttest.com, connectivitycheck.gstatic.com) — that's what triggers the "sign in to Wi‑Fi" window. No HTTPS, no certificate, no warning. It is the perfect place to hijack the redirect, and it looks exactly like the captive portal users already expect.

4
Deliver one of three payloads

From the redirect, the attacker picks a weapon

Three parallel options ride the same hijack — two steal cloud access, one drops malware:

PATH 1 · CREDENTIALS

Adversary-in-the-middle phishing

A reverse proxy relays to the real Microsoft in real time, capturing the password and the post-login session cookie. The user logs in for real and notices nothing.

🔒 MFA bypassed  — steals the already-authenticated token
PATH 2 · CREDENTIALS

Device-code phishing (Entra ID)

The attacker starts a device-code login and tricks the user into approving their code at the genuine microsoft.com/devicelogin. The user passes their own MFA — the token is issued to the attacker.

🔒 MFA bypassed  — MFA succeeds, still lost
PATH 3 · MALWARE

ClickFix "fake update" lure

A bogus "browser / OS update" delivers a loader that drops the CornFlake RAT and ChocoShell stealer.

Windows: paste-and-runAndroid: malicious APK
5
The payoff

Microsoft 365 takeover + on-device espionage

Stolen session tokens hand over corporate cloud accounts; the RAT settles in for surveillance. What the malware harvests:

Keystrokes Screenshots & screen capture Browser passwords & cookies M365 / Entra tokens Saved Wi‑Fi credentials Audio / video surveillance File & USB exfiltration
Attribution: Microsoft tracks this as CaptiveCrunch, run by Midnight Blizzard (sub-cluster Storm-2945; APT29 / Cozy Bear), linked to Russia's SVR. Active since Feb 2026; disclosed Jul–Aug 2026.
Unconfirmed as of Aug 2026: the compromised vendor/equipment and whether the entry point was an appliance or a shared MSP. Sources: Microsoft Security, ReliaQuest.
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